Name:_________________________1. What is the complementary DNA sequence?DNA TAC GGA AAG ACA AGC GCA ATA AAT GGG CTG TGG TTC AAT GGG CTC ACC CTGDNA2. Transcribe and translate the sequence from above:DNA TAC GGA AAG ACA AGC GCA ATA AAT GGG CTG TGG TTC AAT GGG CTC ACC CTGRNAAA – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -3. What if there was a deletion of the fourth nucleotide? Transcribe and translate that sequence below.DNA TAC GAA AGA CAA GCG CAA TAA ATG GGC TGT GGT TCA ATG GGC TCA CCC TGRNAAA – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Does the resulting amino acid sequence look the same as in question 2? Why not?4. What if there was a substitution in the eighth codon, and the DNA sequence now read ATT instead of AAT?DNA TAC GGA AAG ACA AGC GCA ATA ATT GGG CTG TGG TTC AAT GGG CTC ACC CTGRNAAA – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -What is different about this mutation than the mutation in question 3?5. What if there was a deletion of the first nucleotide? What would happen?Â
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
The questions provided here are related to DNA sequencing, transcription, and translation. These topics are fundamental in understanding the genetic code and the process of protein synthesis. By answering these questions, we can assess the students’ comprehension of these concepts and their ability to analyze the impact of different mutations on the resulting amino acid sequence. Let’s proceed to answer each question separately.
1. What is the complementary DNA sequence?
The complementary DNA sequence can be obtained by pairing the nucleotides in the given DNA sequence with their complementary bases. In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). Therefore, the complementary sequence for the given DNA strand “TAC GGA AAG ACA AGC GCA ATA AAT GGG CTG TGG TTC AAT GGG CTC ACC CTG” would be “ATG CCT TTC TGT TCG CGT TAT TTA CCC GAC ACC AAC CCG AGG GAC GGA”.
2. Transcribe and translate the sequence from above:
To transcribe and translate the DNA sequence, we first need to convert it into RNA by replacing thymine (T) with uracil (U). The resulting mRNA sequence would be “AUG CCG UUU ACU UCG CGU UAU UUA CCC GAC ACC AAC CCG AGG GAC GGA”. Using the genetic code, we can translate this mRNA sequence to obtain the corresponding amino acid sequence: “Met Pro Phe Thr Ser Arg Tyr Leu Pro Asp Thr Asn Pro Arg Asp Gly”.
3. What if there was a deletion of the fourth nucleotide? Transcribe and translate that sequence below.
If the fourth nucleotide (A) is deleted, the new DNA sequence would be “TAC GGA AGA CAA GCG CAA TAA ATG GGC TGT GGT TCA ATG GGC TCA CCC CTG”. The resulting mRNA sequence would be “AUG CCU UCU UGU CGC AAU AAU UGG GCU GUG GAU UGG GCU CAC CCG ACU”. Upon translation, the amino acid sequence would be “Met Pro Ser Cys Arg Asn Asn Trp Ala Val Asp Trp Ala His Pro Thr”.
Does the resulting amino acid sequence look the same as in question 2? Why not?
No, the resulting amino acid sequence is different from that in question 2. The deletion of the fourth nucleotide alters the reading frame during translation. This frameshift mutation shifts the grouping of codons, resulting in an entirely different sequence of amino acids.
4. What if there was a substitution in the eighth codon, and the DNA sequence now read “ATT” instead of “AAT”?
If the eighth codon is substituted from “AAT” to “ATT”, the new DNA sequence would be “TAC GGA AAG ACA AGC GCA ATA ATT GGG CTG TGG TTC AAT GGG CTC ACC CTG”. The resulting mRNA sequence would be “AUG CCU UUC UGU UCG CUA UAA UUG GGC UGU GGU UCA AUG GGC UCA CCC UGA”. Upon translation, the amino acid sequence would be “Met Pro Phe Cys Ser Leu Lys Leu Gly Cys Gly Ser Met Gly Ser Pro Ter”.
What is different about this mutation than the mutation in question 3?
The mutation in question 3 involved a deletion, which caused a frameshift mutation and completely altered the resulting amino acid sequence. However, the mutation in question 4 is a substitution, where a single nucleotide is replaced. This substitution affects only one codon, causing a change in a single amino acid within the protein sequence.
5. What if there was a deletion of the first nucleotide? What would happen?
If the first nucleotide (T) is deleted, the new DNA sequence would be “ACG GAA AGA CAA GCG CAA TAA ATG GGC TGT GGT TCA ATG GGC TCA CCC CTG”. This deletion would result in a frameshift mutation, as all subsequent codons will be shifted by one position. This would lead to an entirely different amino acid sequence during translation and potentially disrupt the protein’s structure and function.
